Used For

What Are Metalloids Used For

Metalloids are valued for their unique combination of metallic and non-metallic properties, making them vital in a diverse range of industries.[1]

  • Semiconductors and Electronics: Silicon is the most widely used metalloid in the semiconductor industry, critical for integrated circuits, microchips, solar panels, and other modern electronics. Germanium is also used in specialized semiconductor applications, and antimony is utilized for its high charge mobility in certain devices.[2][3][5][6]
  • Glass and Ceramics: Boron and silicon form borosilicate glass, which is highly resistant to thermal shock and chemicals, as seen in laboratory glassware like Pyrex. Metalloids are also added to ceramics to enhance their properties for both decorative and industrial purposes.[2][3][5]
  • Alloys: Metalloids like boron, silicon, antimony, and tellurium are essential alloying elements. For example, silicon is used in aluminum and iron alloys, boron is used to strengthen steel, and antimony increases hardness in lead and other alloys.[1][3][4][6]
  • Flame Retardants and Safety: Antimony is used as a flame retardant in electronics and textiles, improving fire safety. Other metalloids can also play a role in specialized industrial safety materials.[4][6]
  • Medical, Nutritional, and Biological Uses: Some metalloid compounds are vital as trace elements (e.g., boron, silicon, arsenic) and in medicinal applications (such as antiseptics and antifungal agents). Others, such as arsenic and antimony, are recognized for their toxicity.[1][3]
  • Nuclear and Aerospace: Boron is used as a neutron absorber in nuclear reactors. Germanium’s high-efficiency solar cells are used in space technology, notably preferred by NASA for space station solar panels.[4][6]
  • Manufacturing and Machining: Metalloids such as silicon and boron are machined for precision components in electronics, aerospace, and energy sectors. Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is used on suitable metalloids due to their physical properties.[7]

Metalloids thus play a foundational role in advanced technologies, sustainability efforts, and a variety of manufacturing processes, driving innovation across multiple sectors.[2][6]

References

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