Metronidazole is an antibiotic and antiprotozoal medication commonly used to treat a wide range of infections caused by certain bacteria and parasites[1][2][3].
Some of the main conditions and infections treated with metronidazole include:
- Abdominal infections (e.g., peritonitis)[1]
- Skin and soft tissue infections[1][6]
- Bacterial vaginosis and other gynecological infections (e.g., endometritis, pelvic inflammatory disease)[1][3][6]
- Sexually transmitted infections, especially trichomoniasis[1][2][3][4]
- Intestinal infections caused by protozoa (e.g., Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica) and certain bacteria[1][2][4]
- Lung infections, including aspiration pneumonia and lung abscess[1][3]
- Bone and joint infections[1][2]
- Bloodstream infections (septicemia)[1]
- Brain and spinal cord infections, such as meningitis and brain abscess[1][2]
- Infections of the heart, such as endocarditis[1]
- Dental and mouth infections, including infected gums and dental abscesses[6]
- Prevention of infections following certain surgeries, particularly involving the digestive tract[1][2][4]
- Topical forms: used to treat skin conditions like rosacea[3][4][6]
Metronidazole is generally not effective against viral infections, and its use is limited to bacteria and parasites susceptible to its action[5]. It works by damaging the DNA of microorganisms, leading to their death[1]. The specific choice and suitability of metronidazole may depend on local resistance patterns and the nature of the infection[1].